UNODC reported that casinos, junkets, illegal online gambling platforms, and cryptocurrency exchanges have become core infrastructure for underground banking and money laundering in East and Southeast Asia. The report links these services to transnational organized crime, cyberfraud, and casino compounds or special economic zones used to conceal illicit activity, including areas controlled by armed groups in Myanmar. UNODC assesses that crypto and casino-based laundering mechanisms help move and commingle criminal proceeds at scale, especially around the Mekong region.