EtherRAT dissected: How a React2Shell implant delivers 5 payloads through blockchain C2

2025-12-16 Sysdig

https://www.sysdig.com/blog/etherrat-dissected-how-a-react2shell-implant-delivers-5-payloads-through-blockchain-c2

Thumbnail for EtherRAT dissected: How a React2Shell implant delivers 5 payloads through blockchain C2

Sysdig analyzed EtherRAT, a Node.js implant recovered from a compromised Next.js application shortly after disclosure of CVE-2025-55182 in React Server Components. The malware uses an Ethereum smart contract to resolve command-and-control infrastructure, polls multiple public RPC endpoints for consensus, keeps payloads fileless through Node.js execution, and includes multiple persistence mechanisms. Blockchain history exposed operational details including wallet-linked C2 updates, two observed servers, and a short-lived Grabify URL apparently used to enumerate infected hosts. Retrieved payloads showed system reconnaissance, Active Directory and privilege checks, security-product discovery, GPU enumeration, aggressive exfiltration retries to 91.215.85[.]42:3000, and a credential/cryptocurrency harvester with BIP39 seed-phrase scanning. The report notes that many TTPs align with DPRK-linked activity while a CIS locale exclusion complicates attribution, so the defensive value is in tracking EtherRAT’s React2Shell exploitation and blockchain-C2 tradecraft.

Indicators of Compromise

Type Value First Seen Last Seen
URL https://grabify.link/SEFKGU 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
URL https://webhook.site/63575795-e… 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
DOMAIN grabify.link 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
DOMAIN legitimate-site.com 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
IPv4 173.249.8.102 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
IPv4 91.215.85.42 2025-12-16 2025-12-16
IPv4 193.24.123.68 2025-12-08 2025-12-16

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