EtherRAT: DPRK uses novel Ethereum implant in React2Shell attacks
2025-12-08 • Sysdig •
https://www.sysdig.com/blog/etherrat-dprk-uses-novel-ethereum-implant-in-react2shell-attacks
Sysdig recovered EtherRAT from a compromised Next.js application two days after disclosure of CVE-2025-55182, showing exploitation of React Server Components beyond miners and credential theft. The implant uses a four-stage chain that starts with a base64 shell dropper, installs its own Node.js runtime, decrypts an AES-256-CBC JavaScript payload, and establishes multiple Linux persistence mechanisms. EtherRAT resolves command-and-control through an Ethereum smart contract, querying nine public RPC endpoints and using majority consensus to resist sinkholing or poisoned RPC responses. The activity overlaps with North Korea-linked Contagious Interview tooling, but the text frames the attribution as either a DPRK pivot to React2Shell exploitation or sophisticated tool-sharing between nation-state groups.
Indicators of Compromise
| Type | Value | First Seen | Last Seen |
|---|---|---|---|
| IPv4 | 193.24.123.68 | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-16 |
| URL | https://eth.drpc.org | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://mainnet.gateway.tenderl… | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://ethereum-rpc.publicnode… | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://rpc.flashbots.net/fast | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://eth.merkle.io | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://rpc.mevblocker.io | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://eth.llamarpc.com | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://eth-mainnet.public.blas… | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| URL | https://rpc.payload.de | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| DOMAIN | rpc.payload.de | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |
| DOMAIN | eth.merkle.io | 2025-12-08 | 2025-12-08 |